Major Sesquiterpenes of Patchouli Leaf Essential Oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.): A GC-MS Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70075/jpnp.v2i2.224Keywords:
Essential oil, Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, GC-MSAbstract
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is a tropical plant widely recognised as the main source of patchouli oil, an essential oil with high economic and pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of patchouli leaf essential oil and determine its major compounds. Extraction was performed using solvents of different polarities, followed by analysis with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed five dominant compounds: Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane, 2-methylene-5-(1-methylvinyl)-8-methyl (19.99%), Aromandendrene (12.04%), Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7 (9.20%), Caryophyllene (7.29%), and Valerena-4,7(11)-diene (6.87%). These compounds play an important role in both the aroma and biological activities of patchouli oil. Methanol, as a polar solvent, produced the highest yield (10%), while n-hexane yielded the lowest (2%). The findings confirm the potential of patchouli essential oil as a natural source for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and aromatherapy applications.
References
Capellades, J., Junza, A., Samino, S., Brunner, J., Schabbauer, G., Vinaixa, M., & Yanes, O. (2020). Exploring the Use of Gas Chromatography Coupled to Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (GC-CI-MS) for Stable Isotope Labelling in Metabolomics... Analytical chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02998
] Daniati, E., Mastura, M., & Hasby, H. (2021). Isolation and determination of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Catalyst: Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Education, 4(1), xx-xx. https://doi.org/10.33059/katalis.v4i1.3405
] Das, G., Shin, H., Tundis, R., Gonçalves, S., Tantengco, O., Campos, M., Acquaviva, R., Malfa, G., Romano, A., Robles, J., Clores, M., & Patra, J. (2021). Plant Species of the Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review of their Effects on the Central Nervous System. Plants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050846.
] Edim, M., Enudi, O., Asuquo, B., Louis, H., Bisong, E., Agwupuye, J., Chioma, A., Odey, J., Joseph, I., & Bassey, F. (2021). Aromaticity indices, electronic structural properties, and fuzzy atomic space investigations of naphthalene and its aza-derivatives. Heliyon, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06138.
] Eiska, L.R., 2021. Essential Oils: Potential in the Health Field. Wellness and Healthy Magazine, 3(1), pp.43-50.
] Fachrudin. (2016). Extraction of cempaka flower oil and patchouli leaves by hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation method with air flow (Thesis, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya). Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology.
] Hashiesh, H., Sharma, C., Goyal, S., Sadek, B., Jha, N., Kaabi, J., & Ojha, S. (2021). A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid... Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 140, 111639 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111639.
] Kakanopas, P., Janta, P., Vimolmangkang, S., Hermatasia, F., & Kulsing, C. (2022). Retention index based approach for simulation of results and application for validation of compound identification in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Journal of chromatography. A, 1679, 463394 . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4017169.
] Khanifah, Farach & Puspitasari, Evi & S, Awwaludin. (2021). QUALITATIVE TEST OF FLAVONOIDS, ALKALOIDS, TANNINS IN THE COMBINATION OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA) COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L). Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry. 15. 91. 10.20527/jstk.v15i1.9415.
]. Kouao, T., Ouattara, Z., Kambiré, D., Kouamé, B., Mamyrbekova-Békro, J., Tomi, P., Paoli, M., Bighelli, A., Bekro, Y., & Tomi, F. (2023). Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oils of Two Species from Southern Côte d'Ivoire: Guibourtia ehie (A. Chev.) J Léonard (Caesalpiniaceae) and Oricia suaveolens (Engl.) Verd. (Rutaceae). Compounds. https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds3010006
] Parinduri, W. M., Rambe, T. R., & Susanti, H. (2023). Morphological and taxonomic recognition of patchouli leaves in Namo Sialang Village. Journal of Community Service (JPKM), 4(1), 60–66. https://jurnal.stkipalmaksum.ac.id/index.php/jpkm
] Prévost, S. (2020). Regioselective C-H Functionalisation of Naphthalenes: Reactivity and Mechanistic Insights... ChemPlusChem, 85 3, 476-486 . https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202000005.
] Rambe, R., Gultom, E.D., Ginting, O.S., & Diana, S. (2021). Antidiarrhoeal Effectiveness Test
] Ethanol Extract of Noni Leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Male Mice by Intestinal Transit Method. Forte Journal 1 (1), 01
] Sari, N. M., Setyabudi, L. S. W., Ajna, P. A., Sani, & Puspitawati, I. N. (2023). Making essential oil of rose flower (Rosa sp.) with water distillation process. Journal of Community Service (Environation),2(2). http://environation.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/environation
] Suarantika, F., Patricia, V. M., Rahma, H. (2023). Characterisation and Identification of Essential Oil Compounds in Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia, 9(2), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpi. v9i2.415
] Van Beek, T. A., & Joulain, D. (2017). The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 33(1), 6–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3418
] Variyana, Y., Scholar, D., & Mahfud, M. (2023). Parameter effects on Java patchouli (Pogostemon heyneanus) JoASCE: Journal Applied of Science and Chemical Engineering, 1(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.25181/joasce.v1i1.3024
] Zhao, M., Li, T., Yang, F., Cui, X., Zou, T., Song, H., & Liu, Y. (2022). Characterisation of key aroma-active compounds in Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum by GC-O-MS and switchable GC × GC-O-MS... Food chemistry, 385, 132659 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132659.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Taupik, Mohamad Adam Mustapa, Fahmi As Radjak, A. Mu'thi Andy Suryadi, Mohamad Aprianto Paneo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.